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When the routers produced by Juniper Networks first hit the market in 1998,they brought simplicity of design, a logical UNIX-style CLI, and robusttroubleshooting tools. The engineers who designed the routers wanted to build adevice that made sense. In doing so, they filled a void in the market andappealed to other engineers who wanted a router that moved packets through asquickly as possible.Juniper Networks' product offerings come in the form of the M-Seriesrouters. The M40 was the first router of its kind capable of scaling to meetcurrent Internet needs. The initial M40 release was based on the InternetProcessor I. The Internet Processor I was the fundamental core of the packetforwarding engine (PFE).
The PFE consisted of a shared memory, a singleforwarding table, and a one-write, one-read architecture. The entire PFE wascapable of forwarding 40Mbps, more than 100 times the capacity of otheravailable router architectures at the time.Although the M40 was quite progressive, Juniper Networks was able to improveon its available functionality by upgrading the processor, raising the availablememory, adding redundancy, and including the ability to filter traffic throughACLs in later iterations of the product.This chapter introduces you to the router models and architecturaldifferences of each product. In addition, we will describe each hardware andsoftware piece of the router and explain how that piece contributes to theoverall logic of the device. This will include the routing engine, the PFE, theswitching fabrics and control boards, the interfaces available, and thedifferences between the available router models.
It will also include anexplanation of the router's boot process and how to upgrade the JUNOSsoftware.Since the architecture and operating-system commands of these routers differsfrom those of other vendors, such as Cisco, with which you may already be quitefamiliar, the material covered here should help you to understand the rest ofthe material in this book. It will also undoubtedly help in your pursuit ofJuniper Networks career certifications. 3.1 Juniper Networks Router ModelsThis section describes the different models of Juniper Networks routers. Thephysical dimension, performance statistics, and some information about theinternal architecture of the router itself are provided for each model. 3.1.1 M5 and M10The M5 and M10 routers were introduced in September 2000 as the latestadditions to the router family.
With their introduction, Juniper Networks hopedto gain a larger marketshare by appealing to networks needing a smallerfootprint router. Due to its minimal physical requirements5.25 3 17.4 3 24in., or 13.33 3 44.2 3 60.96 cmsingle rack can hold 15 M5s, which createsa bandwidth-to-footprint-to-price ratio that is hard to beat.The M5 and M10 were released at the same time because they had similararchitectures with two different throughput capabilities (5Gbps on the M5 and10Gbps on the M10). Both routers employ the Internet Processor II ASIC,providing forwarding table lookups at 40Mpps.The M10's chassis looks thesame as the M5's; however, there are two forwarding engine boards (FEBs) inthe M10, allowing for a maximum of eight physical interface cards (PICs) to beused. 3.1.2 M20The second router introduced by Juniper Networks was the M20, released inDecember 1999. The M20 also uses the Internet Processor II ASIC and is capableof throughput in excess of 20Gbps.With physical dimensions of 14 3 19 3 21 in., or 35.56 3 48.26 3 53.34 cm, anetwork administrator can stack five chassis in a single equipment rack. The M20was the first Juniper Networks router available with redundancy (power supply,routing engine, and system and switch board SSB). This greatly increased theappeal of the Juniper Networks routers to the marketplace.
Component failure inan operational network can be disastrous. By addressing the need for componentredundancy, Juniper Networks was able to allay this fear in the minds ofpotential customers.
3.1.3 M40The M40 router was the first product launched by Juniper Networks. With achassis size of 35 3 19 3 23.5 in., or 88.9 3 48.26 3 59.69 cm, deployment islimited to two chassis per equipment rack. However, the router'sarchitecture provides over 40Gbps throughput. The M40 supports the same PICs asthe M20.
The PICs are compatible between both platforms. Although initiallydeployed with the Internet Processor I and without ACL capability, the M40 nowruns on the Internet Processor II and has addressed the need for filtering. Thisplatform, however, does not provide for the same component redundancy as the M20and M160 models, an important distinction for most customers. 3.1.4 M40eTo answer the need for the throughput of the M40 coupled withredundant-component capability, Juniper Networks introduced the M40e platform inFebruary 2002.
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The M40e router has the same footprint and port density as theM40, but it provides the optional redundancy that the M40 does not. This modelis compatible with most of the PICs from the M20, M40, and M160 models. 3.1.5 M160The M160 was introduced in March 2000 as the third box in the M-Series. It isa formidable router, both in size and capacity.
The M160 chassis is 35 3 19 3 29in., or 88.9 3 48.26 3 73.66 cm. This allows for two per equipment rack.The M160, to date, is the highest-rated core router on the market.Independent testing has shown that the M160 outperforms the competition in areasof BGP table capacity, MPLS LSP capacity, route flapping recovery at OC-192speeds, convergence at both OC-192 and OC-48 speeds, and filtering at bothOC-192 and OC-48 speeds. In additional tests, the M160 has matched or exceededthe competition in the areas of CoS at OC-48 and OC-192 speeds and IP and MPLSbaseline testing at OC-48 and OC-192 speeds.The M160 platform provides the maximum throughput and port density necessaryfor the next generation of Internet architectures. 3.1.6 G10In November 2001, Juniper Networks announced its intent to acquire PacificBroadband Communications and its CMTS.
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Subsequently, Juniper Networks rereleasedthat CMTS as its G10 router. This product is aimed at the growingbroadband-remote-access-service (BRAS) market that delivers Internet serviceinto private homes and small businesses primarily through cable modems.A chief complaint of cable Internet subscribers is that as more subscribersjoin in a given area, the amount of bandwidth available to each end user candrop dramatically. The G10 uses a custom-built ASIC that has the capability of20 legacy CMTS chips. The end result is that this device is capable ofsupporting greater numbers of subscribers using less bandwidth.